Pavane d'Espagne, 1546-1650
The
origin of the Pavane
The Pavane (Pavana-Pavanne-Pavin-Panicin) was a
dance of
courtly and solemn nature very much en vogue with the high society in
Europe.
In the sixteenth century it was originally believed to be an animal
dance from Padua (Italy) and was known as the Padovana or the "Peacock
dance" (Pavo) Others believed the dance was invented in Spain. General
opinion nowadays places the origin of the pavane in early 16th century
Italy. More on the history of the pavane can be found at: Dance
History Timeline
The Pavane
disappears from the European dancing repertoire after 1650. However
Purcell composed around 1680 a Pavane in G-minor
The
Pavane and the Early Folia
Some sixteenth century composers also named their compositions existing
of variations on an ostinatobass (folia) pavana. These pavanas are
usually identical with the "cara cossa" or "La Gamba" form: mostly
melancholic and slow in accordance with the solemn and stately nature
of the pavane in general. Some examples of the use of the term Pavana
for folias are given here
- Cabezon:
Pavana con su glossa
- Valderabanno:
4 differencias sobre la Pavana
- de Mudarra: Pavana
- Pisador:
Pavana muy llana para taner
- Begona
Olavide has recorded on the cd Mudejar a "Pavana Espagnolla" but this
is an early folia by Ortiz using the "cara cossa"
The theme
of the Early Folia is the subject of another
chapter
Pavane
d'Espagne, 1546-1650
The "Pavane
d'Espagne"♫ however is the object of this chapter at which
end you can find a
short list of Pavanes d'Espagnes or Spanish Pavans:
which lists compostions with this title. The Pavane d’Espagne
was
one of many kinds of Pavanas composed in the 16th and 17th centuries,
and some credit Ferdinand
Cortez for
the invention of this dance on the occassion of his return from
Mexico.The earliest Pavane d'Espagne is the so called "Pavana Italiana"
by Cabezon and one source claims the "Pavana Italiana" aka "Pavane
d’Espagne" or "Spanish
Pavan: descant on a variant of the Italian Folia ground bass, popular
in England in the 1580s"
Imho it is very questionable if the "Pavane d'Espagne" can be considerd
to be a folia. For this reason these pieces are not mentioned in the
listing of early folias.
The "Pavane d’Espagne" was very populiar in England and the
Low
Countries. and can be found in the works of Sweelinck (Pavana
Hispanica) and "Valerius Gedenkklank van 1626". Several
songs by the Dutch poet Brederode are set to the melody of the "Pavane
d’Espagne"
Like the Early Folia the "Pavana d’Espagne" has different
melodies. At least 18 different variants have been found based on at
least three chordal schemes. The several "Pavana d’Espagnes"
researched for the DBNL differ from the Cabezon “Pavana
Italiana”. The origin of both the ""Pavana Italiana" and the
"Pavana d' Espagne" remains obscure.
Many songs and dances in the 16th and 17th century carried the
adjective Spanish""f.e "La Spagna", "Espagnoletta", "Folie d’
Espagne".
Curious enough the Spanish Pavan bears a close resemblance to
“A
new ground in E-minor” by Purcell (ZT682), which is also the
melody of here the deities approve in "Ode to St. Cecilia’s
day
in 1692”. Purcells melody was taken up in the thematic
Fandango-cd of Paniagua.
After 1650 the Pavane d’Espagne disappears from the European
dancing repertoire.
A short list
of Pavanes d'Espagnes or Spanish Pavans:
- 1546 de Mudarra "Pavana Italiana" in III
libros de musica (Gabler)
I don’t think this is right. Mudarra composed 3 Pavanas :
- 1
Pavana d’Alexandre
- 2
Pavana
- 3
Pavana
Number 2 and 3 are variationes on the caracossa
- 1557
Cabezón, Antonio
de(1510-1566) Pavana Italiana in Luys Venegas de Henestros, Libro de
Cifra Nueva para Tecla,Arpa y Vihuela
- 1588
Ferrabosca, Alfonso Spanish
Pavinge= descant on a variant of the Italian Folia ground bass, popular
in England in the 1580s, Cd:Charivari Agreable
- Ca
1600-1620(1577) Pilkinton, Spanish Pavan♫, a populair version to be
found in many mss
- Thysius ms
in Leiden
- Ca
1600-1620 Anonymus, Pavin Despaigne, Thysius ms in Leiden
- Ca. 1603
Robinson, Thomas, Spanish Pavan. Cd Charivari Agreable, This version to
be found in many mss
- 1612
Praetorius, Pavane d’Espagne cd
- 1692 Henry
Purcell, "Here the
deities approve"(Ode for St. Cecilia’s day) and “a
new
ground in E-minor” published in Music’s Handmaid=
the
melody of the Spanish Pavane. Curious enough Paniagua used this melody
in his thematic Fandango-cd, where he claims the Fandango originated
from the Folia
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